Vietnam
Tap water situation
In Vietnam, tap water is generally not safe to drink. Contaminants like bacteria and heavy metals can be present, especially in areas with less developed infrastructure. In cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, residents and tourists are advised to drink bottled or filtered water. The Ministry of Health is the government body responsible for overseeing water quality standards nationwide. However, due to infrastructure issues and rapid urbanization, water quality can significantly vary, and the local population often relies on additional purification methods to ensure safety.